|
|
 |
|
|
|
 In piping systems, any change to steady flow conditions lead to dynamic pressure variations. These pressure surges have to be considered during planning and operation of the plant or pipeline.
Typical causes of these transient conditions are for example:
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Start-up or shut down of one or more pumps |
|
|
|
Switching between pumps already in service |
|
|
Change of valve positions (opening, throttling or emergency closing) |
|
|
Emergency loss of power for one or more pumps |
|
|
Incorrect plant operation |
|
|
|
|
The effect of such pressure surges must be kept within the allowable minimum or maximum pressure limits of the piping system.
For above ground piping systems the time related dynamic forces caused by the pressure surges can be calculated. These values are then used in a time-history-analysis of the system to compute maximum stresses and loads on piping components and pipe supports.
|
|
|
